ISI offered bibliographic database services. Its specialty: citation indexing and analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield. It maintains citation databases covering thousands of academic journals, including a continuation of its longtime print-based indexing service the Science Citation Index (SCI), as well as the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). All of these are available via ISI's Web of Knowledge database service. This database allows a researcher to identify which articles have been cited most frequently, and who has cited them. The database not only provides an objective measure of the academic impact of the papers indexed in it, but also increases their impact by making them more visible and providing them with a quality label. There is some evidence suggesting that appearing in this database can double the number of citations received by a given paper.
The ISI also publishes the annual Journal Citation Reports which list an impact factor for each of the journals that it tracks. Within the scientific community, journal impact factors play a large but controversial role in determining the kudos attached to a scientist's published research record.[citation needed]
A list of over 14,000 journals is maintained by the ISI. The list includes over 1100 arts and humanities journals as well as scientific journals. Listing is based on published selection criteria and is an important indicator of journal quality and impact.
ISI publishes Science Watch, a newsletter which identifies every two months one paper published in the previous two years as a "fast breaking paper" in each of 22 broad fields of science, such as Mathematics (including Statistics), Engineering, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.[citation needed] The designations are based on the number of citations and the largest increase from one bimonthly update to the next. Articles about the papers often include comments by the authors.
The ISI also publishes a list of highly cited researchers, one of the factors included in the Academic Ranking of World Universities published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Highly Cited
"ISI Highly Cited" is a database of "highly cited researchers"—scientific researchers whose publications are most often cited in academic journals over the past decade, published by the Institute for Scientific Information. Inclusion in this list is taken as a measure of the esteem of these academics and is used, for example, by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.
The methodology for inclusion is to take the upper percentiles based on citation counts of all articles indexed in the Scientific Citation Databases in a 10-year, rolling time period. Each article in the data is assigned to one or more of 21 categories, based on the ISI classification of the journal in which the article was published. Those on the Highly Cited Researcher list constitute (in the terms stated above) the 250 most cited researchers of each category in the specified time period.
The categories are as follows:
Agricultural Sciences Biology & Biochemistry Chemistry Clinical Medicine Computer Science Ecology/Environment Economics/Business Engineering Geosciences Immunology Materials Science Mathematics Microbiology Molecular Biology & Genetics Neuroscience Pharmacology Physics Plant & Animal Science Psychology/Psychiatry Social Sciences - General Space Sciences
The publication list and biographical details supplied by the researchers are freely available online, although general access to the ISI citation database is by subscription.
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